Furthermore, tests typically assess whether prospective agents can complete one generation on nontarget plants, and rarely examine whether agents are likely to persist on the nontarget plants over the long term. The actual amount of damage to nontarget plants often goes unstudied, even though agents may exploit nontarget plants without inflicting significant harm. No-choice tests can help select weed biological control agents with a high degree of host specificity but may exclude potentially effective agents that can develop on nontarget plants under laboratory conditions.
Finally, we briefly discuss future perspectives for ER in LAC. In the last sections, we identify three major categories of specific constraints that condition ER, including environmental limitations (biotic and abiotic factors), technical/management factors and the socio-economic challenge of restoration. education in restored areas), the use of fire regulation and management to reduce fire risks and increase ecosystem resilience, educational aspects and intermediate approaches as agroforestry and silviculture practices. Furthermore, we also explore other aspects of the restoration process, including those related to social participation and community engagement (e.g. From the conifer Mexican ecosystems to the Southern Patagonian evergreen forests, we look back over the last two decades (2000–2020) mainly discussing experiences of success and failure, as well as limitations of implementing approaches based on passive/natural restoration or active/assisted restoration. After a brief contextualization of environmental and social consequences of wildfires, we collect and discuss recent advances on restoring degraded forests. This work aims to address such constraint, providing current information on post-fire ER in LAC forests. LAC constitutes a hotspot where work and interest in ER has been steadily increasing over the last decades, mainly due to the drive of a new generation of young and experienced ecologists and foresters.ĭespite the increasing attention in post-fire restoration in the region, there is a dearth of initiatives compiling and organizing all the available information on this topic. Nowadays, there is an increasing interest to promote and develop ecological restoration (ER) following fire. The detrimental effect of forest fires is particularly relevant in regions where fire has been historically absent or has rarely occurred. Wildfires are responsible for a substantial loss of forest ecosystem services globally and represent a major driving force of forest degradation across Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC). Keywords: weed management weevil seed feeder gall former argentatum is able to complete its entire development lifecycle on the non-target species where galls have previously been observed. In the future, new tests will be conducted to determine if L. Results revealed the presence of galls and larvae in the stems of seven species, including two endemic Californian lupines i.e., Lupinus arboreus blue and Lupinus chamissonis. argentatum, choice and no-choice tests were performed in 20 on a total of 36 non-target closely related species. The impact on the reproduction of French broom was studied in Southern France and revealed that it could effectively reduce the number of viable seeds by 18.8%, but also increased the number of aborted seeds by 10% within the attacked pods.
Its capacity to develop both in the stem galls and pods of French broom makes it a promising candidate. The current research is focused on biocontrol with the use of the phytophagous weevil Lepidapion argentatum (Brentidae).
Introduced in the 19th century as an ornamental plant, it is currently invasive in California and Australia. French broom (Genista monspessulana) (Fabaceae) is a perennial species native to the Mediterranean basin.
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